Overview

Marital property laws in Minnesota and Wisconsin define the marital estate (community property) as any asset acquired during the marriage whether that asset is held in the name of either party or both. This specifically includes real estate, cars, pensions, 401K plans, business interests, stocks, bonds, stock options, dogs, cats, chairs, collectibles and bank accounts etc . . . Property that does not have to be divided in divorce is called "non-marital property." Non-marital assets are generally defined as anything acquired by a spouse before the marriage, or during the marriage by gift, devise or bequest.

Valuing the Marital Estate

In most cases, the marital estate is divided equally unless there is written and binding pre-nuptial agreement to the contrary. To divide the marital estate, it is first necessary to determine the equity of the assets. The equity is determined by arriving at a fair market value (how much would a buyer be willing to pay) and subtracting out any secured encumbrances. For example the equity in a home could be determined by taking an appraised value and subtracting out the secured mortgage, second mortgage, secured lines or credit, home equity loans and outstanding property taxes.

Valuing assets may require the aid of an appraiser. To reduce costs, it is often most effective for the parties to jointly choose an appraiser and divide that expense. Appraisers are available to value real estate, vehicles, business interests, collectibles and other assets.

Dividing the Marital Estate

Once you have determined the relative values and encumbrances of the assets, they can be divided by creating a spreadsheet (See Chart A below). he equity of any asset awarded to a party is offset by the payment of any debt obligation by the party to ideally arrive at an equal property division.. In this fashion, it is not necessary to divide each asset equally. It is only necessary that each party receives a substantially equal share of the marital estate. Ideally, the division of assets and debts will result in totals that are equal. When that does not occur, such as in the chart below, one spouse may be required to make a cash payment to equalize the division of assets. Often this is accomplished with the party awarded the homestead refinancing the mortgage in an amount sufficient to retire the other spouse's interest. In the example below, wife could refinance to pay the husband the sum of $6,500 (one half of the difference between the values awarded to the wife and the husband.)

Chart A